Chemical characterization of a new sulfated polysaccharide from Gracilaria chouae and its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of a new sulfated polysaccharide from the red alga Gracilaria chouae and evaluate its activation effects on RAW264.7 macrophages. It showed that the obtained G. chouae polysaccharide (GCP-3A) was a sulfated acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 11.87 kDa. GCP-3A was composed of xylose, galactose, glucose, and mannose with a molar ratio of 3.00:29.28:0.63:0.45, and it contained α,β‍-glycosidic linkages. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a Congo red test showed that it was a heterogeneous polysaccharide with irregular interwoven sheets and rods, and did not have a triple-helix conform‍ation. Furthermore, GCP-3A significantly promoted the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages and the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in tests of 3-‍(4,‍5-dimethylthiahiazo-2-yl)‍-2,‍5-diphenytetrazoliumromide(MTT) and NO.

In-vivo bone response to titanium screw implants anodized in sodium sulfate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model. METHODS: Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS: Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). CONCLUSION: The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration. .

Effects of aluminum sulfate on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from kidney, brain, and liver of adult mice

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of aluminum sulfate on delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-D) activity from the brain, liver and kidney of adult mice (Swiss albine). In vitro experiments showed that the aluminum sulfate concentration needed to inhibit the enzyme activity was 1.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in brain, 4.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in liver and 0.0-5.0 mM (N = 3) in kidney. The in vivo experiments were performed on three groups for one month: 1) control animals (N = 8); 2) animals treated with 1 g per cent (34 mM) sodium citrate (N = 8) and 3) animals treated with 1 g per cent (34 mM) sodium citrate plus 3.3 g per cent (49.5 mM) aluminum sulfate (N = 8). Exposure to aluminum sulfate in drinking water inhibited ALA-D activity in kidney (23.3 + ou - 3.7 per cent, mean + ou - SEM, P<0.05 compared to control), but enhanced it in liver (31.2 + ou - 15.0 per cent, mean + ou - SEM, P<0.05). The concentrations of aluminum in the brain, liver and kidney of adult mice were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The aluminum concentrations increased significantly in the liver (527 + ou - 3.9 per cent, mean + ou - SEM, P<0.05) and kidney (283 + ou - 1.7 per cent, mean + ou - SEM, P<0.05) but did not change in the brain of aluminum-exposed mice. One of the most important and striking observations was the increase in hepatic aluminum concentration in the mice treated only with 1 g per cent sodium citrate (34 mM) (217 + ou - 1.5 per cent, mean + ou - SEM, P<0.05 compared to control). These results show that aluminum interferes with delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in vitro and in vivo. The accumulation of this element was in the order: liver > kidney > brain. Furthermore, aluminum had only inhibitory properties in vitro, while in vivo it inhibited or stimulated the enzyme depending on the organ studied.

Changes induced by zinc on thyroxine deiodination by rat liver in vivo and in vitro

Se estudió el efecto de la administración in vivo o del agregado in vitro de zinc sobre la deiodinación 5'de la tiroxina (T4) por el hígado de rata y sobre la concentración hepática de grupos sulfhidrilos libres (NPSH). Se usaron ratas Wistar macho de 200-240g de peso corporal. A un grupo de 12 ratas se les inyectó i.p. sulfato de zinc 2mg/Kg de peso, 24h antes de iniciar el estudio. Se sacrificaron los animales por dislocación cervical y el hígado fue inmediatamente homogeneizado. Se agregó a los homogenatos dithithreitol (DTT) (0,2.5,5 o 10mM concentración final) y 1µCi de 125I-T4. Para los estudios in vitro en animales sin tratar, se agregó al homogenato de hígado sulfato de zinc o cloruro de cadmio (2.5 o 5mM) más DTT y T4 marcada. Todos los homogenatos fueron incubados durante 90 min a 37ºC y luego cromatografiados en papel Whatman 1. Las ratas inyectadas con zinc tuvieron una disminución significativa (p<0.01) de la deiodinación de T4, de la producción de 125 iodo (P<0.02) y de triiodotironina (T3) (P<0.05). En los estudios in vitro, el agregado de zinc o cadmio disminuyó significativamente la degradación de T4 (P<0.02) y la producción de iodo (P<0.02 para el zinc y P<0.05 para el cadmio) y de T3 (P<0.05). La concentración hepática de NPSH en los animales inyectados con zinc fue normal. La concentración sérica de T4 y T3 en los animales inyectados con zinc fue normal pero en los inyectados con cadmio se redujo significativamente (P<0.01 para T4 y P<0.02 para T3). Los resultados indican que el zinc inhibe la actividad de la 5'-deioidnasa hepática, por um mecanismo probablemente relacionado con la unión del metal a los grupos sulfhidrilos de la enzima

Effect of zinc sulphate on infarct size in experimental myocardial infarction in dogs.

The effect of zinc sulphate on myocardial infarct size following left coronary artery branch occlusion in dogs was studied. Zinc sulphate (10 mg/kg) was administered po, 24 h and 2 h before coronary occlusion in one group of animals. The area at risk was visualised by methylene blue injected intraventricularly. The infarcted area was visualised by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. The infarct size expressed as a percentage of risk zone was 76.54 +/- 3.01 per cent (mean +/- SE) in the control group and 37.96 +/- 2.20 per cent in the zinc sulphate group (P less than 0.001). Zinc sulphate appears to be a potent prophylactic agent for limiting the size of myocardial infarct in the dogs.

The influcence of ziznc sulphte on gastric blood flow in rats

A reduçäo do fluxo sanguíneo gástrico é apontada como um dos fatores responsáveis pelas lesöes ulcerativas observadas no estômago e no duodeno. Esta deficiência de irrigaçäo reduz o suprimento de energia, oxigênio e outros fatores responsáveis pela manutençäo da integridade tissular contra os efeitos autolesivos do HCl e da pepsina da secreçäo gástrica. É reconhecida a relaçäo entre fluxo sangüíneo da mucosa e a secreçäo cloridro-péptica. Em doentes com úlcera duodenal, o fluxo sangüíneo é mais lento e a secreçäo ácida mais elevada do que em voluntários säo. Na patologia digestiva há muitas doenças associadas à reduçäo considerável dos níveis séricos de zinco (acrodermatite enteropática, doença celíaca, doença de Crohn, úlcera gástrica, etc.). A maior parte delas apresenta lesöes ulcerativas em diferentes partes do organismo. Neste trabalho, estudou-se o efeito do sulfato de zinco no fluxo sangüíneo gástrico, em condiçöes experimentais de estresse induzido por noradrenalina. Utilizando-se o tritio marcado, estudou-se o fluxo sangüíneo da mucosa gástrica em ratos tratados com sulfato de zinco e num grupo controle. Nesses dois grupos, avaliou-se a m,odificaçäo do fluxo snagüíneo apósa adminsitraçäo intraperitoneal de noradrenalina. No grupo controle observou-se uma reduçäo significante (p < 0,05) do fluxo 20 minutos após a injeçäo de noradrenalina. No grupo tratado com sulfato de zinco, näo houve modificaçäo significante, indicando que o zinco iônico exerce um efeito protetor da mucosa gástrica do rato, preservando seu fluxo sangüíneo contra o estresse

Spermicidal activity of some halides.

Though most of the metallic ions are spermicidal in action, the present investigation emphasises the spermicidal activity of anions. Among the inorganic compounds screened at 4 concentrations (0.01%, 0.1%, 1% and 5%) halides are mainly spermicidal, except NaCl, KCl & CsCl which are spermiostatic; sulphates and nitrates are mainly spermiostatic except ZnSO4 at 1% concentration and above; CuSO4, Al2 (SO4)3, Uo2(NO3)2.6H2O and AgNO3 at 5% concentration where they become spermicidal.